diff --git a/include/rexy/cx/hashmap.hpp b/include/rexy/cx/hashmap.hpp
index 01dd2ae..e3ace57 100644
--- a/include/rexy/cx/hashmap.hpp
+++ b/include/rexy/cx/hashmap.hpp
@@ -67,21 +67,34 @@ namespace rexy::cx{
 	private:
 		array<mapped_type,N>  m_values; //perfect hash table
 		array<size_type,N> m_g;      //'salt' values for indexing into the perfect hash table
+		array<size_type,N> m_key_hashes; //full hash values for keys to verify good index values
 
 	public:
-		constexpr hashmap(const value_type(&elements)[N]);
+		constexpr hashmap(const value_type(&elements)[N])
+			noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<value_type>::value &&
+			         std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<value_type>::value &&
+			         std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<mapped_type>::value &&
+			         std::is_nothrow_invocable<Hash,Key,size_t>::value);
 
 		//no key checks. give a correct key or get a random answer :)
 		template<class U, class UHash = hash<std::decay_t<U>>>
 		constexpr reference operator[](U&& u)noexcept;
 		template<class U, class UHash = hash<std::decay_t<U>>>
 		constexpr const_reference operator[](U&& u)const noexcept;
+
+		template<class U, class UHash = hash<std::decay_t<U>>>
+		constexpr bool is_valid(U&& u)const noexcept;
+
 	};
 
 	template<class Key, class Value, size_t N, class Hash>
-	constexpr hashmap<Key,Value,N,Hash>::hashmap(const value_type(&elements)[N]){
+	constexpr hashmap<Key,Value,N,Hash>::hashmap(const value_type(&elements)[N])
+		noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<value_type>::value &&
+		         std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<value_type>::value &&
+		         std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<mapped_type>::value &&
+		         std::is_nothrow_invocable<Hash,Key,size_t>::value)
+	{
 		array<vector<value_type,N>,N> buckets;
-		array<bool,N> slots_used;
 		size_type current_bucket = 0;
 
 		//place all keys into buckets
@@ -101,13 +114,15 @@ namespace rexy::cx{
 			if(bucket.size() <= 1)
 				break;
 
+			const auto hashval = Hash{}(bucket[0].key, 0);
+
 			array<bool,N> pass_slots_used;
 			vector<size_type,N> pass_slots;
 			size_type d = 1;
 
 			for(size_type i = 0;i < bucket.size();){
 				size_type slot = Hash{}(bucket[i].key, d) % max_size;
-				if(pass_slots_used[slot] || slots_used[slot]){
+				if(pass_slots_used[slot] || m_key_hashes[slot] != 0){
 					//slot already in use, try another value for 'd'
 					++d;
 					i = 0;
@@ -121,12 +136,12 @@ namespace rexy::cx{
 				}
 			}
 			//store the successful value of 'd' at index of the first hash for this bucket
-			m_g[Hash{}(bucket[0].key, 0) % max_size] = d;
+			m_g[hashval % max_size] = d;
 
 			//take the value from the temporary bucket into the permanent slot
 			for(size_type i = 0;i < bucket.size();++i){
 				m_values[pass_slots[i]] = std::move(bucket[i].value);
-				slots_used[pass_slots[i]] = true;
+				m_key_hashes[pass_slots[i]] = hashval;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -137,11 +152,14 @@ namespace rexy::cx{
 			auto& bucket = buckets[current_bucket];
 			if(bucket.size() == 0)
 				break;
-			for(;slots_used[next_free_slot];++next_free_slot);
+
+			const auto hashval = Hash{}(bucket[0].key, 0);
+
+			for(;m_key_hashes[next_free_slot] != 0;++next_free_slot);
 
 			m_g[Hash{}(bucket[0].key, 0) % max_size] = (next_free_slot | single_bucket_bit);
 			m_values[next_free_slot] = std::move(bucket[0].value);
-			slots_used[next_free_slot] = true;
+			m_key_hashes[next_free_slot] = hashval;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -163,7 +181,16 @@ namespace rexy::cx{
 		return m_values[UHash{}(std::forward<U>(key), d) % max_size];
 	}
 
-
+	template<class Key, class Value, size_t N, class Hash>
+	template<class U, class UHash>
+	constexpr bool hashmap<Key,Value,N,Hash>::is_valid(U&& key)const noexcept{
+		const auto hashval = UHash{}(std::forward<U>(key), 0);
+		const auto d = m_g[hashval % max_size];
+		if(d & single_bucket_bit){
+			return m_key_hashes[d & ~single_bucket_bit] == hashval;
+		}
+		return m_key_hashes[UHash{}(std::forward<U>(key), d) % max_size] == hashval;
+	}
 
 	template<class Key, class Value, size_t N, class Hash = hash<Key>>
 	constexpr auto make_hashmap(const typename hashmap<Key,Value,N,Hash>::value_type(&list)[N]){