diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 1a96874..7ed5501 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ option(ENABLE_SHARED "Build shared library" ON)
 option(ENABLE_PROFILING "Enable asan" OFF)
 mark_as_advanced(ENABLE_PROFILING)
 
-set(SOURCE_LIST "src/binary.cpp" "src/filerd.cpp")
+set(SOURCE_LIST "src/filerd.cpp")
 add_library(ensure OBJECT "src/ensure.cpp")
 target_compile_options(ensure PRIVATE -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -std=c++17)
 if(ENABLE_SHARED)
diff --git a/include/rexy/binary.hpp b/include/rexy/binary.hpp
index 4cb81f1..58e4f6f 100644
--- a/include/rexy/binary.hpp
+++ b/include/rexy/binary.hpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace rexy{
 		~binary_base(void)noexcept = default;
 
 	public:
-		char* release(void);
+		constexpr char* release(void)noexcept{return cx::exchange(m_data, nullptr);}
 
 		constexpr size_t size(void)const{return m_size;}
 		constexpr size_t capacity(void)const{return m_cap;}
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ namespace rexy{
 		constexpr const char* get(void)const{return m_data;}
 		constexpr operator bool(void)const{return m_data;}
 
-		char& operator[](size_t i);
-		const char& operator[](size_t i)const;
+		constexpr char& operator[](size_t i)noexcept{return m_data[i];}
+		constexpr const char& operator[](size_t i)const noexcept{return m_data[i];}
 
 	};
 	template<class Allocator = detail::default_allocator<>>
@@ -68,10 +68,6 @@ namespace rexy{
 		using allocator_type = Allocator;
 	public:
 		constexpr binary_data(void)noexcept = default;
-		[[deprecated]] binary_data(char* data, size_t size)noexcept:
-			binary_base(data, size){}
-		[[deprecated]] binary_data(char* data, size_t cap, size_t size)noexcept:
-			binary_base(data, cap, size){}
 		binary_data(const char* data, size_t size)
 			noexcept(noexcept(Allocator::copy(data, size))):
 			binary_base(reinterpret_cast<char*>(Allocator::copy(data, size)), size){}
@@ -99,15 +95,12 @@ namespace rexy{
 			Allocator::free(m_data);
 		}
 		binary_data& operator=(const binary_data& b)
-			noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<binary_data<Allocator>>::value &&
-			         std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<binary_data<Allocator>>::value)
+			noexcept(noexcept(Allocator::copy(b.m_data, b.m_size)))
 		{
 			binary_data<allocator_type> tmp(b);
 			return (*this = std::move(tmp));
 		}
-		constexpr binary_data& operator=(binary_data&& b)
-			noexcept(noexcept(cx::swap(m_data, b.m_data)))
-		{
+		constexpr binary_data& operator=(binary_data&& b)noexcept{
 			m_size = b.m_size;
 			m_cap = b.m_cap;
 			cx::swap(m_data, b.m_data);
@@ -129,7 +122,8 @@ namespace rexy{
 			m_size = size;
 		}
 		bool resize(size_t newsize)
-			noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<binary_data<Allocator>,size_t>::value)
+			noexcept(noexcept(Allocator::allocate(0)) &&
+			         noexcept(Allocator::free(nullptr)))
 		{
 			if(newsize < m_cap)
 				return false;
@@ -142,7 +136,8 @@ namespace rexy{
 			return true;
 		}
 		void append(const char* data, size_t len)
-			noexcept(noexcept(resize(len)))
+			noexcept(noexcept(Allocator::allocate(0)) &&
+			         noexcept(Allocator::free(nullptr)))
 		{
 			if(m_size + len > m_cap)
 				resize(cx::max(m_cap*2, m_size+len));
@@ -184,7 +179,7 @@ namespace rexy{
 	}
 	template<class All, class Alr>
 	decltype(auto) operator+=(rexy::binary_data<All>& l, const rexy::binary_data<Alr>& r)
-		noexcept(noexcept(l.resize(0)))
+		noexcept(noexcept(All::allocate(0)))
 	{
 		l.resize(l.size() + r.size());
 		memcpy(l.get()+l.size(), r.get(), r.size());
diff --git a/include/rexy/detail/binary_string_conv.hpp b/include/rexy/detail/binary_string_conv.hpp
index 89c0146..6780515 100644
--- a/include/rexy/detail/binary_string_conv.hpp
+++ b/include/rexy/detail/binary_string_conv.hpp
@@ -29,44 +29,30 @@ namespace rexy{
 		noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<Str, decltype(b.size())>::value)
 	{
 		Str s(b.size()+1);
-		memcpy(s.get(), b.get(), b.size());
-		s[b.size()] = 0;
+		s.append(b.get(), b.size());
 		return s;
 	}
 	template<class Al, class Str = rexy::string, detail::enable_if_concrete_string<Str> = 0, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::decay_t<Al>,typename Str::allocator_type>::value,int> = 0>
-	auto binary_to_string(binary_data<Al>&& b)
-		noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<Str>::value &&
-		         noexcept(std::declval<Str>().reset(nullptr, 0)) &&
-		         noexcept(b.release()))
-	{
-		Str s;
-		s.reset(b.get(), b.size());
-		b.release();
-		return s;
+	auto binary_to_string(binary_data<Al>&& b)noexcept{
+		return Str(rexy::steal(b.release()), b.size());
 	}
 	template<class Bin = rexy::binary, detail::enable_if_binary<Bin> = 0>
 	auto string_to_binary(const string_base& s)
 		noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<Bin, decltype(s.length())>::value &&
-		         noexcept(std::declval<Bin>().append(nullptr, 0)))
+		         noexcept(std::decay_t<Bin>::allocator_type::allocate(0)))
 	{
 		Bin b(s.length()+1);
 		b.append(s.get(), s.length()+1);
 		return b;
 	}
 	template<class Al, class Bin = rexy::binary, detail::enable_if_binary<Bin> = 0, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::decay_t<Al>,typename Bin::allocator_type>::value,int> = 0>
-	auto string_to_binary(string_intermediary<Al>&& s)
-		noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<Bin>::value &&
-		         noexcept(std::declval<Bin>().reset(nullptr, 0)) &&
-		         noexcept(s.release()))
-	{
-		Bin b;
-		b.reset(s.get(), s.length()+1);
-		s.release();
-		return b;
+	auto string_to_binary(string_intermediary<Al>&& s)noexcept{
+		return Bin(rexy::steal(s.release()), s.length());
 	}
 	template<class L, class R, detail::enable_if_binary<L> = 0, detail::enable_if_concrete_string<R> = 0>
 	decltype(auto) operator+=(L& l, R&& r)
-		noexcept(noexcept(l.append(nullptr, 0)))
+		noexcept(noexcept(std::decay_t<L>::allocator_type::allocate(0)) &&
+		         noexcept(std::decay_t<L>::allocator_type::free(nullptr)))
 	{
 		l.append(r.get(), r.length()+1);
 		return l;
@@ -74,17 +60,17 @@ namespace rexy{
 	template<class L, class R, detail::enable_if_binary<L> = 0, detail::enable_if_string<R> = 0, std::enable_if_t<!detail::is_concrete_string<R>::value,int> = 0>
 	decltype(auto) operator+=(L& l, R&& r)
 		noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<rexy::string,R&&>::value &&
-		         std::is_nothrow_assignable<L,rexy::string>::value)
+		         (noexcept(std::decay_t<L>::allocator_type::allocate(0))))
 	{
 		rexy::string concrete = r;
-		return (l = concrete);
+		return (l += concrete);
 	}
 	template<class L, class R, detail::enable_if_concrete_string<L> = 0, detail::enable_if_binary<R> = 0>
 	decltype(auto) operator+=(L& l, R&& r)
-		noexcept(noexcept(l.resize(0, 0)))
+		noexcept(noexcept(std::decay_t<L>::allocator_type::allocate(0)) &&
+		         noexcept(std::decay_t<L>::allocator_type::free(nullptr)))
 	{
-		l.resize(l.length(), r.size() + 1);
-		memcpy(l.get()+l.length()+1, r.get(), r.size());
+		l.append(r.get(), r.size());
 		return l;
 	}
 } //namespace rexy
diff --git a/src/binary.cpp b/src/binary.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 45296eb..0000000
--- a/src/binary.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/**
-	This file is a part of rexy's general purpose library
-	Copyright (C) 2020 rexy712
-
-	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-	it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
-	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-	(at your option) any later version.
-
-	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-	GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
-
-	You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
-	along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#include "rexy/binary.hpp"
-
-namespace rexy{
-
-	char* binary_base::release(void){
-		return std::exchange(m_data, nullptr);
-	}
-	char& binary_base::operator[](size_t i){
-		return m_data[i];
-	}
-	const char& binary_base::operator[](size_t i)const{
-		return m_data[i];
-	}
-}