diff --git a/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.hpp b/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.hpp
index 7e8b95c..40eb2c2 100644
--- a/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.hpp
+++ b/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <cstdio> //fputc, FILE
 #include <cwchar> //fputwc
 
+#include "format_error.hpp"
+
 namespace rexy::fmt::detail{
 	//polymorphic buffer of which a reference can be passed around to prevent
 	//passing around multiple output iterator types
@@ -96,34 +98,23 @@ namespace rexy::fmt::detail{
 
 
 	template<class Char>
-	struct print_iterator;
-	template<>
-	struct print_iterator<char>
+	struct print_format_buffer : public format_output_buffer_base<Char>
 	{
 	private:
 		FILE* m_stream;
 	public:
-		constexpr print_iterator(FILE* stream):
+		constexpr print_format_buffer(FILE* stream):
 			m_stream(stream){}
-		print_iterator& operator=(char c){fputc(c, m_stream);return *this;}
+		constexpr ~print_format_buffer(void){
+			write_out();
+		}
 
-		constexpr print_iterator& operator*(void){return *this;}
-		constexpr print_iterator& operator++(void){return *this;}
-		constexpr print_iterator operator++(int){return *this;}
-	};
-	template<>
-	struct print_iterator<wchar_t>
-	{
-	private:
-		FILE* m_stream;
-	public:
-		constexpr print_iterator(FILE* stream):
-			m_stream(stream){}
-		print_iterator& operator=(wchar_t c){fputwc(c, m_stream);return *this;}
-
-		constexpr print_iterator& operator*(void){return *this;}
-		constexpr print_iterator& operator++(void){return *this;}
-		constexpr print_iterator operator++(int){return *this;}
+		std::size_t write_out(void)override{
+			const auto written = fwrite(this->m_data, sizeof(this->m_data[0]), this->m_size, m_stream);
+			if(written != this->m_size){
+				REXY_THROW_FORMAT_ERROR("Failed to print data");
+			}
+		}
 	};
 
 }
diff --git a/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.tpp b/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.tpp
index 33cf483..9b13413 100644
--- a/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.tpp
+++ b/include/rexy/detail/format/output_buffer.tpp
@@ -148,9 +148,6 @@ namespace rexy::fmt::detail{
 		return this->m_size;
 	}
 
-
-
-
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/rexy/detail/format/traits.hpp b/include/rexy/detail/format/traits.hpp
index 6d8a132..75c0c06 100644
--- a/include/rexy/detail/format/traits.hpp
+++ b/include/rexy/detail/format/traits.hpp
@@ -101,25 +101,49 @@ namespace rexy::fmt::detail{
 		using uchar = unsigned char;
 		return (sizeof(utf_test) == 3) && (uchar(utf_test[0]) == 0xC2) && (uchar(utf_test[1]) == 0xB5);
 	}
+	static constexpr wchar_t wutf_test[] = L"\U00010437";
+	constexpr bool is_wutf16(void){
+		return (sizeof(wutf_test) / sizeof(wutf_test[0]) == 3 &&
+		        wutf_test[0] == 0xD801 && wutf_test[1] == 0xDC37);
+	}
+	constexpr bool is_wutf32(void){
+		return (sizeof(wutf_test) / sizeof(wutf_test[0]) == 2 &&
+		        wutf_test[0] == 0x00010437);
+	}
 
 	template<class T>
-	struct is_utf8_encoded_string_type{
-		static constexpr bool value = false;
-	};
+	struct is_utf8_encoded_string_type : public std::false_type{};
 	template<>
-	struct is_utf8_encoded_string_type<char8_t>{
-		static constexpr bool value = true;
-	};
+	struct is_utf8_encoded_string_type<char8_t> : public std::true_type{};
 	template<>
-	struct is_utf8_encoded_string_type<char>{
-		static constexpr bool value = is_utf8();
-	};
-
+	struct is_utf8_encoded_string_type<char> : public std::integral_constant<bool,is_utf8()>{};
 	template<class T>
 	static constexpr bool is_utf8_encoded_string_type_v = is_utf8_encoded_string_type<T>::value;
 
+	template<class T>
+	struct is_utf16_encoded_string_type : public std::false_type{};
+	template<>
+	struct is_utf16_encoded_string_type<char16_t> : public std::true_type{};
+	template<>
+	struct is_utf16_encoded_string_type<wchar_t> : public std::integral_constant<bool,is_wutf16()>{};
+	template<class T>
+	static constexpr bool is_utf16_encoded_string_type_v = is_utf16_encoded_string_type<T>::value;
+
+	template<class T>
+	struct is_utf32_encoded_string_type : public std::false_type{};
+	template<>
+	struct is_utf32_encoded_string_type<char32_t> : public std::true_type{};
+	template<>
+	struct is_utf32_encoded_string_type<wchar_t> : public std::integral_constant<bool,is_wutf32()>{};
+	template<class T>
+	static constexpr bool is_utf32_encoded_string_type_v = is_utf32_encoded_string_type<T>::value;
+
 	template<class T>
 	concept UTF8_String = is_utf8_encoded_string_type_v<T>;
+	template<class T>
+	concept UTF16_String = is_utf16_encoded_string_type_v<T>;
+	template<class T>
+	concept UTF32_String = is_utf32_encoded_string_type_v<T>;
 
 }
 
diff --git a/include/rexy/format.tpp b/include/rexy/format.tpp
index 3033c81..dd0cc67 100644
--- a/include/rexy/format.tpp
+++ b/include/rexy/format.tpp
@@ -267,37 +267,37 @@ namespace rexy{
 	//////////////////////////////////////print char overloads///////////////////////////////////////////////
 	template<class... Args>
 	std::size_t print(fmt::detail::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args){
-		fmt::detail::basic_format_output_buffer<char,fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>> out{fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>{stdout}};
+		fmt::detail::print_format_buffer<char> out{stdout};
 		vformat_to(fmt::detail::output_iterator_t<char>{out}, fmt.str, make_format_args(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 		return out.count();
 	}
 	template<class... Args>
 	std::size_t print(FILE* stream, fmt::detail::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args){
-		fmt::detail::basic_format_output_buffer<char,fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>> out{fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>{stream}};
+		fmt::detail::print_format_buffer<char> out{stream};
 		vformat_to(fmt::detail::output_iterator_t<char>{out}, fmt.str, make_format_args(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 		return out.count();
 	}
 	template<class... Args>
 	std::size_t println(fmt::detail::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args){
-		fmt::detail::basic_format_output_buffer<char,fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>> out{fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>{stdout}};
+		fmt::detail::print_format_buffer<char> out{stdout};
 		vformat_to(fmt::detail::output_iterator_t<char>{out}, fmt.str, make_format_args(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 		out.push_back('\n');
 		return out.count();
 	}
 	template<class... Args>
 	std::size_t println(FILE* stream, fmt::detail::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args){
-		fmt::detail::basic_format_output_buffer<char,fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>> out{fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>{stream}};
+		fmt::detail::print_format_buffer<char> out{stream};
 		vformat_to(fmt::detail::output_iterator_t<char>{out}, fmt.str, make_format_args(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 		out.push_back('\n');
 		return out.count();
 	}
 	std::size_t vprint_unicode(string_view fmt, format_args args){
-		fmt::detail::basic_format_output_buffer<char,fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>> out{fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>{stdout}};
+		fmt::detail::print_format_buffer<char> out{stdout};
 		vformat_to(fmt::detail::output_iterator_t<char>{out}, fmt, args);
 		return out.count();
 	}
 	std::size_t vprint_unicode(FILE* stream, string_view fmt, format_args args){
-		fmt::detail::basic_format_output_buffer<char,fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>> out{fmt::detail::print_iterator<char>{stream}};
+		fmt::detail::print_format_buffer<char> out{stream};
 		vformat_to(fmt::detail::output_iterator_t<char>{out}, fmt, args);
 		return out.count();
 	}