diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index d35af6ec1..fc6d621a7 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ def expand_opt_references(conf_name: str, text: str) -> str:
         ref = m.group(1)
         if '<' not in ref and '.' not in ref:
             full_ref = conf_name + ref
-            return ':opt:`{} <{}>`'.format(ref, full_ref)
+            return f':opt:`{ref} <{full_ref}>`'
         return str(m.group())
 
     return re.sub(r':opt:`(.+?)`', expand, text)
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ def parse_opt_node(env: Any, sig: str, signode: Any) -> str:
             opt_aliases[optname] = firstname
         count += 1
     if not firstname:
-        raise ValueError('{} is not a valid opt'.format(sig))
+        raise ValueError(f'{sig} is not a valid opt')
     return firstname
 
 
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ def process_shortcut_link(env: Any, refnode: Any, has_explicit_title: bool, titl
     try:
         target, stitle = shortcut_slugs[full_name]
     except KeyError:
-        logger.warning('Unknown shortcut: {}'.format(target), location=refnode)
+        logger.warning(f'Unknown shortcut: {target}', location=refnode)
     else:
         if not has_explicit_title:
             title = stitle
diff --git a/docs/graphics-protocol.rst b/docs/graphics-protocol.rst
index e918f29e1..ed7aefcd7 100644
--- a/docs/graphics-protocol.rst
+++ b/docs/graphics-protocol.rst
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ features of the graphics protocol:
 
     def serialize_gr_command(**cmd):
         payload = cmd.pop('payload', None)
-        cmd = ','.join('{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in cmd.items())
+        cmd = ','.join(f'{k}={v}' for k, v in cmd.items())
         ans = []
         w = ans.append
         w(b'\033_G'), w(cmd.encode('ascii'))
diff --git a/glfw/glfw.py b/glfw/glfw.py
index fc06b6b9a..6cfb89650 100755
--- a/glfw/glfw.py
+++ b/glfw/glfw.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class Env:
 
 def wayland_protocol_file_name(base: str, ext: str = 'c') -> str:
     base = os.path.basename(base).rpartition('.')[0]
-    return 'wayland-{}-client-protocol.{}'.format(base, ext)
+    return f'wayland-{base}-client-protocol.{ext}'
 
 
 def init_env(
@@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ def build_wayland_protocols(
     for protocol in env.wayland_protocols:
         src = os.path.join(env.wayland_packagedir, protocol)
         if not os.path.exists(src):
-            raise SystemExit('The wayland-protocols package on your system is missing the {} protocol definition file'.format(protocol))
+            raise SystemExit(f'The wayland-protocols package on your system is missing the {protocol} protocol definition file')
         for ext in 'hc':
             dest = wayland_protocol_file_name(src, ext)
             dest = os.path.join(dest_dir, dest)
             if newer(dest, src):
                 q = 'client-header' if ext == 'h' else env.wayland_scanner_code
                 items.append(Command(
-                    'Generating {} ...'.format(emphasis(os.path.basename(dest))),
+                    f'Generating {emphasis(os.path.basename(dest))} ...',
                     [env.wayland_scanner, q, src, dest], lambda: True))
     if items:
         parallel_run(items)
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Arg:
             self.type = self.type + '*'
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return 'Arg({}, {})'.format(self.type, self.name)
+        return f'Arg({self.type}, {self.name})'
 
 
 class Function:
diff --git a/kittens/diff/collect.py b/kittens/diff/collect.py
index 0f39659c4..2380de75c 100644
--- a/kittens/diff/collect.py
+++ b/kittens/diff/collect.py
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ class Segment:
         self.end_code: Optional[str] = None
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return 'Segment(start={!r}, start_code={!r}, end={!r}, end_code={!r})'.format(
-            self.start, self.start_code, self.end, self.end_code)
+        return f'Segment(start={self.start!r}, start_code={self.start_code!r}, end={self.end!r}, end_code={self.end_code!r})'
 
 
 class Collection:
diff --git a/kitty/conf/utils.py b/kitty/conf/utils.py
index 6a940cd2d..5a190f537 100644
--- a/kitty/conf/utils.py
+++ b/kitty/conf/utils.py
@@ -323,8 +323,7 @@ def parse_kittens_func_args(action: str, args_funcs: Dict[str, KeyFunc[Tuple[str
         parser = args_funcs[func]
     except KeyError as e:
         raise KeyError(
-            'Unknown action: {}. Check if map action: '
-            '{} is valid'.format(func, action)
+            f'Unknown action: {func}. Check if map action: {action} is valid'
         ) from e
 
     try:
diff --git a/kitty/config.py b/kitty/config.py
index 1dab637a9..1df21c944 100644
--- a/kitty/config.py
+++ b/kitty/config.py
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ def atomic_save(data: bytes, path: str) -> None:
         except FileNotFoundError:
             pass
         except Exception as err:
-            log_error('Failed to delete temp file {} for atomic save with error: {}'.format(
-                p, err))
+            log_error(f'Failed to delete temp file {p} for atomic save with error: {err}')
 
 
 @contextmanager
@@ -63,8 +62,7 @@ def cached_values_for(name: str) -> Generator[Dict[str, Any], None, None]:
     except FileNotFoundError:
         pass
     except Exception as err:
-        log_error('Failed to load cached in {} values with error: {}'.format(
-            name, err))
+        log_error(f'Failed to load cached in {name} values with error: {err}')
 
     yield cached_values
 
@@ -72,8 +70,7 @@ def cached_values_for(name: str) -> Generator[Dict[str, Any], None, None]:
         data = json.dumps(cached_values).encode('utf-8')
         atomic_save(data, cached_path)
     except Exception as err:
-        log_error('Failed to save cached values with error: {}'.format(
-            err))
+        log_error(f'Failed to save cached values with error: {err}')
 
 
 def commented_out_default_config() -> str:
diff --git a/kitty/fonts/render.py b/kitty/fonts/render.py
index 2e3aa7768..500acb950 100644
--- a/kitty/fonts/render.py
+++ b/kitty/fonts/render.py
@@ -323,8 +323,7 @@ def render_special(
         try:
             f(ans, cell_width, *a)
         except Exception as e:
-            log_error('Failed to render {} at cell_width={} and cell_height={} with error: {}'.format(
-                f.__name__, cell_width, cell_height, e))
+            log_error(f'Failed to render {f.__name__} at cell_width={cell_width} and cell_height={cell_height} with error: {e}')
 
     if underline:
         t = underline_thickness
diff --git a/kitty/options/utils.py b/kitty/options/utils.py
index a0de71533..1a735b62d 100644
--- a/kitty/options/utils.py
+++ b/kitty/options/utils.py
@@ -1104,8 +1104,7 @@ def deprecated_send_text(key: str, val: str, ans: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     parts = val.split(' ')
 
     def abort(msg: str) -> None:
-        log_error('Send text: {} is invalid ({}), ignoring'.format(
-            val, msg))
+        log_error(f'Send text: {val} is invalid ({msg}), ignoring')
 
     if len(parts) < 3:
         return abort('Incomplete')
diff --git a/kitty/rc/disable_ligatures.py b/kitty/rc/disable_ligatures.py
index 2fe35400b..8f05231d9 100644
--- a/kitty/rc/disable_ligatures.py
+++ b/kitty/rc/disable_ligatures.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ cause ligatures to be changed in all windows.
                 ' never, always or cursor')
         strategy = args[0]
         if strategy not in ('never', 'always', 'cursor'):
-            self.fatal('{} is not a valid disable_ligatures strategy'.format('strategy'))
+            self.fatal(f'{strategy} is not a valid disable_ligatures strategy')
         return {
             'strategy': strategy, 'match_window': opts.match, 'match_tab': opts.match_tab,
             'all': opts.all,
diff --git a/kitty/window.py b/kitty/window.py
index 01aef69b1..2ae72652f 100644
--- a/kitty/window.py
+++ b/kitty/window.py
@@ -449,8 +449,7 @@ class Window:
         return self.override_title or self.child_title
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return 'Window(title={}, id={})'.format(
-                self.title, self.id)
+        return f'Window(title={self.title}, id={self.id})'
 
     def as_dict(self, is_focused: bool = False, is_self: bool = False) -> WindowDict:
         return dict(
diff --git a/logo/make.py b/logo/make.py
index 6b6085e35..27270952c 100755
--- a/logo/make.py
+++ b/logo/make.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def run(*args):
     try:
         subprocess.check_call(args)
     except OSError:
-        raise SystemExit('You are missing the {} program needed to generate the kitty logo'.format(args[0]))
+        raise SystemExit(f'You are missing the {args[0]} program needed to generate the kitty logo')
 
 
 def render(output, sz=256, src=unframed_src):
diff --git a/publish.py b/publish.py
index 79af31a8f..063862c14 100755
--- a/publish.py
+++ b/publish.py
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
         self.requests = s = requests.Session()
         s.auth = (self.username, self.password)
         s.headers.update({'Accept': 'application/vnd.github.v3+json'})
-        self.url_base = self.API + f'repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/'
+        self.url_base = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/'
 
     def patch(self, url: str, fail_msg: str, **data: Any) -> None:
         rdata = json.dumps(data)
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
                 self.info(f'Deleting {fname} from GitHub')
                 r = self.requests.delete(asset_url.format(existing_assets[fname]))
                 if r.status_code not in (204, 404):
-                    self.fail(r, 'Failed to delete %s from GitHub' % fname)
+                    self.fail(r, f'Failed to delete {fname} from GitHub')
             self.update_nightly_description(release['id'])
         for path, desc in self.files.items():
             self.info('')
@@ -305,17 +305,12 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
             if release.get(
                     'assets',
                     None) and release['tag_name'] != self.current_tag_name:
-                self.info('\nDeleting old released installers from: %s' %
-                          release['tag_name'])
+                self.info(f'\nDeleting old released installers from: {release["tag_name"]}')
                 for asset in release['assets']:
                     r = self.requests.delete(
-                        self.API + 'repos/{}/{}/releases/assets/{}'.format(
-                            self.username, self.reponame, asset['id']))
+                        f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/assets/{asset["id"]}')
                     if r.status_code != 204:
-                        self.fail(
-                            r,
-                            'Failed to delete obsolete asset: %s for release: %s'
-                            % (asset['name'], release['tag_name']))
+                        self.fail(r, f'Failed to delete obsolete asset: {asset["name"]} for release: {release["tag_name"]}')
 
     def do_upload(self, url: str, path: str, desc: str, fname: str) -> requests.Response:
         mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(fname)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
@@ -331,8 +326,8 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
                 data=cast(IO[bytes], f))
 
     def fail(self, r: requests.Response, msg: str) -> None:
-        print(msg, ' Status Code: %s' % r.status_code, file=sys.stderr)
-        print("JSON from response:", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(msg, f' Status Code: {r.status_code}', file=sys.stderr)
+        print('JSON from response:', file=sys.stderr)
         pprint.pprint(dict(r.json()), stream=sys.stderr)
         raise SystemExit(1)
 
@@ -341,8 +336,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
         return bool(error_code == 'already_exists')
 
     def existing_assets(self, release_id: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        url = self.API + 'repos/{}/{}/releases/{}/assets'.format(
-            self.username, self.reponame, release_id)
+        url = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/{release_id}/assets'
         r = self.requests.get(url)
         if r.status_code != 200:
             self.fail(r, 'Failed to get assets for release')
@@ -357,13 +351,13 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
             return dict(r.json())
         if self.is_nightly:
             raise SystemExit('No existing nightly release found on GitHub')
-        url = self.API + f'repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases'
+        url = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases'
         r = self.requests.post(
             url,
             data=json.dumps({
                 'tag_name': self.current_tag_name,
                 'target_commitish': 'master',
-                'name': 'version %s' % self.version,
+                'name': f'version {self.version}',
                 'body': f'Release version {self.version}.'
                 ' For changelog, see https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/changelog/'
                 ' GPG key used for signing tarballs is: https://calibre-ebook.com/signatures/kovid.gpg',
@@ -371,8 +365,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
                 'prerelease': False
             }))
         if r.status_code != 201:
-            self.fail(r, 'Failed to create release for version: %s' %
-                      self.version)
+            self.fail(r, f'Failed to create release for version: {self.version}')
         return dict(r.json())
 # }}}
 
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 26dac7092..f931b94bf 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -130,11 +130,7 @@ def at_least_version(package: str, major: int, minor: int = 0) -> None:
         except Exception:
             ver = 'not found'
         if qmajor < major or (qmajor == major and qminor < minor):
-            raise SystemExit(
-                '{} >= {}.{} is required, found version: {}'.format(
-                    error(package), major, minor, ver
-                )
-            )
+            raise SystemExit(f'{error(package)} >= {major}.{minor} is required, found version: {ver}')
 
 
 def cc_version() -> Tuple[List[str], Tuple[int, int]]:
@@ -880,7 +876,7 @@ def build_launcher(args: Options, launcher_dir: str = '.', bundle_type: str = 's
     cmd = env.cc + cppflags + cflags + [
            src, '-o', dest] + ldflags + libs + pylib
     key = CompileKey('launcher.c', 'kitty')
-    desc = 'Building {}...'.format(emphasis('launcher'))
+    desc = f'Building {emphasis("launcher")} ...'
     args.compilation_database.add_command(desc, cmd, partial(newer, dest, src), key=key, keyfile=src)
     args.compilation_database.build_all()
 
@@ -948,7 +944,7 @@ def compile_python(base_path: str) -> None:
 
 def create_linux_bundle_gunk(ddir: str, libdir_name: str) -> None:
     if not os.path.exists('docs/_build/html'):
-        make = "gmake" if is_freebsd else "make"
+        make = 'gmake' if is_freebsd else 'make'
         run_tool([make, 'docs'])
     copy_man_pages(ddir)
     copy_html_docs(ddir)
diff --git a/update-on-ox b/update-on-ox
index f03a641a5..8fc195fbe 100755
--- a/update-on-ox
+++ b/update-on-ox
@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ if False:
     dmg = sys.argv[-1]
     mp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
     atexit.register(os.rmdir, mp)
-    subprocess.check_call('hdiutil attach {} -mountpoint {}'.format(dmg, mp).split())
+    subprocess.check_call(f'hdiutil attach {dmg} -mountpoint {mp}'.split())
     try:
         os.chdir(mp)
         for app in glob.glob('*.app'):
             d = os.path.join('/Applications', app)
             if os.path.exists(d):
                 shutil.rmtree(d)
-            subprocess.check_call('ditto -v {} {}'.format(app, os.path.join('/Applications', app)).split())
+            subprocess.check_call(f'ditto -v {app} {d}'.split())
     finally:
         os.chdir('/')
-        subprocess.check_call('hdiutil detach {}'.format(mp).split())
+        subprocess.check_call(f'hdiutil detach {mp}'.split())
 
 # EOF_REMOTE