diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.py b/.github/workflows/ci.py
index 5acddd406..62f12e4e5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def install_deps():
 
 def build_kitty():
     python = shutil.which('python3') if is_bundle else sys.executable
-    cmd = '{} setup.py build --verbose'.format(python)
+    cmd = f'{python} setup.py build --verbose'
     if os.environ.get('KITTY_SANITIZE') == '1':
         cmd += ' --debug --sanitize'
     run(cmd)
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ def test_kitty():
 
 
 def package_kitty():
-    py = 'python3' if is_macos else 'python'
-    run(py + ' setup.py linux-package --update-check-interval=0 --verbose')
+    python = 'python3' if is_macos else 'python'
+    run(f'{python} setup.py linux-package --update-check-interval=0 --verbose')
     if is_macos:
         run('python3 setup.py kitty.app --update-check-interval=0 --verbose')
         run('kitty.app/Contents/MacOS/kitty +runpy "from kitty.constants import *; print(kitty_exe())"')
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ def replace_in_file(path, src, dest):
 def setup_bundle_env():
     global SW
     os.environ['SW'] = SW = '/Users/Shared/kitty-build/sw/sw' if is_macos else os.path.join(os.environ['GITHUB_WORKSPACE'], 'sw')
-    os.environ['PKG_CONFIG_PATH'] = SW + '/lib/pkgconfig'
+    os.environ['PKG_CONFIG_PATH'] = os.path.join(SW, 'lib', 'pkgconfig')
     if is_macos:
         os.environ['PATH'] = '{}:{}'.format('/usr/local/opt/sphinx-doc/bin', os.environ['PATH'])
     else:
-        os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = SW + '/lib'
+        os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = os.path.join(SW, 'lib')
         os.environ['PYTHONHOME'] = SW
     os.environ['PATH'] = '{}:{}'.format(os.path.join(SW, 'bin'), os.environ['PATH'])
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def main():
         setup_bundle_env()
     else:
         if not is_macos and 'pythonLocation' in os.environ:
-            os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = '{}/lib'.format(os.environ['pythonLocation'])
+            os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = os.path.join(os.environ['pythonLocation'], 'lib')
     action = sys.argv[-1]
     if action in ('build', 'package'):
         install_deps()
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def main():
     elif action == 'test':
         test_kitty()
     else:
-        raise SystemExit('Unknown action: ' + action)
+        raise SystemExit(f'Unknown action: {action}')
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/build-terminfo b/build-terminfo
index 3fbae33b5..25bbc50bc 100755
--- a/build-terminfo
+++ b/build-terminfo
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import tempfile
 
 def compile_terminfo(base):
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tdir:
-        proc = subprocess.run(['tic', '-x', '-o' + tdir, 'terminfo/kitty.terminfo'], check=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        proc = subprocess.run(['tic', '-x', f'-o{tdir}', 'terminfo/kitty.terminfo'], check=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
         regex = '^"terminfo/kitty.terminfo", line [0-9]+, col [0-9]+, terminal \'xterm-kitty\': older tic versions may treat the description field as an alias$'
         for error in proc.stderr.decode('utf-8').splitlines():
             if not re.match(regex, error):
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index fc6d621a7..7bbcc9190 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ if you specify a program-to-run you can use the special placeholder
     from kitty.remote_control import cli_msg, global_options_spec
     with open('generated/cli-kitty-at.rst', 'w') as f:
         p = partial(print, file=f)
-        p('kitty @\n' + '-' * 80)
+        p('kitty @')
+        p('-' * 80)
         p('.. program::', 'kitty @')
         p('\n\n' + as_rst(
             global_options_spec, message=cli_msg, usage='command ...', appname='kitty @'))
@@ -225,7 +226,8 @@ if you specify a program-to-run you can use the special placeholder
         for cmd_name in sorted(all_command_names()):
             func = command_for_name(cmd_name)
             p(f'.. _at_{func.name}:\n')
-            p('kitty @', func.name + '\n' + '-' * 120)
+            p('kitty @', func.name)
+            p('-' * 120)
             p('.. program::', 'kitty @', func.name)
             p('\n\n' + as_rst(*cli_params_for(func)))
     from kittens.runner import get_kitten_cli_docs
@@ -234,12 +236,12 @@ if you specify a program-to-run you can use the special placeholder
         if data:
             with open(f'generated/cli-kitten-{kitten}.rst', 'w') as f:
                 p = partial(print, file=f)
-                p('.. program::', f'kitty +kitten {kitten}')
-                p(f'\nSource code for {kitten}')
+                p('.. program::', 'kitty +kitten', kitten)
+                p('\nSource code for', kitten)
                 p('-' * 72)
                 p(f'\nThe source code for this kitten is `available on GitHub <https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/tree/master/kittens/{kitten}>`_.')
                 p('\nCommand Line Interface')
-                p('-' * 72, file=f)
+                p('-' * 72)
                 p('\n\n' + option_spec_as_rst(
                     data['options'], message=data['help_text'], usage=data['usage'], appname=f'kitty +kitten {kitten}',
                     heading_char='^'))
@@ -370,8 +372,8 @@ def expand_opt_references(conf_name: str, text: str) -> str:
     def expand(m: Match[str]) -> str:
         ref = m.group(1)
         if '<' not in ref and '.' not in ref:
-            full_ref = conf_name + ref
-            return f':opt:`{ref} <{full_ref}>`'
+            # full ref
+            return f':opt:`{ref} <{conf_name}{ref}>`'
         return str(m.group())
 
     return re.sub(r':opt:`(.+?)`', expand, text)
diff --git a/gen-apc-parsers.py b/gen-apc-parsers.py
index 67067101a..fc38db983 100755
--- a/gen-apc-parsers.py
+++ b/gen-apc-parsers.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def cmd_for_report(report_name: str, keymap: KeymapType, type_map: Dict[str, Any
         flag_fmt, flag_attrs = [], []
         cv = {'flag': 'c', 'int': 'i', 'uint': 'I'}[atype]
         for ch in type_map[atype]:
-            flag_fmt.append('s' + cv)
+            flag_fmt.append(f's{cv}')
             attr = keymap[ch][0]
             flag_attrs.append(f'"{attr}", {conv}g.{attr}')
         return ' '.join(flag_fmt), ', '.join(flag_attrs)
diff --git a/gen-key-constants.py b/gen-key-constants.py
index 81e366f85..f52050be1 100755
--- a/gen-key-constants.py
+++ b/gen-key-constants.py
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def patch_file(path: str, what: str, text: str, start_marker: str = '/* ', end_m
             end = raw.index(end_q)
         except ValueError:
             raise SystemExit(f'Failed to find "{end_q}" in {path}')
-        raw = raw[:start] + start_q + '\n' + text + '\n' + raw[end:]
+        raw = f'{raw[:start]}{start_q}\n{text}\n{raw[end:]}'
         f.seek(0)
         f.truncate(0)
         f.write(raw)
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ def generate_ctrl_mapping() -> None:
         val = str(ctrl_mapping[k])
         items.append(val)
         if k in "\\'":
-            k = '\\' + k
+            k = f'\\{k}'
         mi.append(f"        case '{k}': return {val};")
 
     for line_items in chunks(items, 6):
diff --git a/publish.py b/publish.py
index 063862c14..08dd3aedb 100755
--- a/publish.py
+++ b/publish.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def echo_cmd(cmd: Iterable[str]) -> None:
     isatty = sys.stdout.isatty()
     end = '\n'
     if isatty:
-        end = '\x1b[m' + end
+        end = f'\x1b[m{end}'
         print('\x1b[92m', end='')
     print(shlex.join(cmd), end=end, flush=True)
 
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ def run_website(args: Any) -> None:
 
 
 def sign_file(path: str) -> None:
-    dest = path + '.sig'
+    dest = f'{path}.sig'
     with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
         os.remove(dest)
     subprocess.check_call([
-        os.environ['PENV'] + '/gpg-as-kovid', '--output', path + '.sig',
+        os.environ['PENV'] + '/gpg-as-kovid', '--output', f'{path}.sig',
         '--detach-sig', path
     ])
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def run_sdist(args: Any) -> None:
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tdir:
         base = os.path.join(tdir, f'kitty-{version}')
         os.mkdir(base)
-        subprocess.check_call('git archive HEAD | tar -x -C ' + base, shell=True)
+        subprocess.check_call(f'git archive HEAD | tar -x -C {base}', shell=True)
         dest = os.path.join(base, 'docs', '_build')
         os.mkdir(dest)
         for x in 'html man'.split():
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ def run_sdist(args: Any) -> None:
         dest = os.path.abspath(os.path.join('build', f'kitty-{version}.tar'))
         subprocess.check_call(['tar', '-cf', dest, os.path.basename(base)], cwd=tdir)
         with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-            os.remove(dest + '.xz')
+            os.remove(f'{dest}.xz')
         subprocess.check_call(['xz', '-9', dest])
-        sign_file(dest + '.xz')
+        sign_file(f'{dest}.xz')
 
 
 class ReadFileWithProgressReporting(io.FileIO):  # {{{
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class Base:  # {{{
 
 class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
 
-    API = 'https://api.github.com/'
+    API = 'https://api.github.com'
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -244,12 +244,12 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
     ):
         self.files, self.reponame, self.version, self.username, self.password, self.replace = (
             files, reponame, version, username, password, replace)
-        self.current_tag_name = self.version if self.version == 'nightly' else ('v' + self.version)
+        self.current_tag_name = self.version if self.version == 'nightly' else f'v{self.version}'
         self.is_nightly = self.current_tag_name == 'nightly'
         self.requests = s = requests.Session()
         s.auth = (self.username, self.password)
         s.headers.update({'Accept': 'application/vnd.github.v3+json'})
-        self.url_base = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/'
+        self.url_base = f'{self.API}/repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases'
 
     def patch(self, url: str, fail_msg: str, **data: Any) -> None:
         rdata = json.dumps(data)
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
             self.fail(r, fail_msg)
 
     def update_nightly_description(self, release_id: int) -> None:
-        url = self.url_base + str(release_id)
+        url = f'{self.url_base}/{release_id}'
         now = str(datetime.datetime.utcnow()).split('.')[0] + ' UTC'
         with open('.git/refs/heads/master') as f:
             commit = f.read().strip()
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
         # self.clean_older_releases(releases)
         release = self.create_release()
         upload_url = release['upload_url'].partition('{')[0]
-        asset_url = self.url_base + 'assets/{}'
+        asset_url = f'{self.url_base}/assets/{{}}'
         existing_assets = self.existing_assets(release['id'])
         if self.is_nightly:
             for fname in existing_assets:
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
                 self.info(f'\nDeleting old released installers from: {release["tag_name"]}')
                 for asset in release['assets']:
                     r = self.requests.delete(
-                        f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/assets/{asset["id"]}')
+                        f'{self.url_base}/assets/{asset["id"]}')
                     if r.status_code != 204:
                         self.fail(r, f'Failed to delete obsolete asset: {asset["name"]} for release: {release["tag_name"]}')
 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
         return bool(error_code == 'already_exists')
 
     def existing_assets(self, release_id: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        url = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/{release_id}/assets'
+        url = f'{self.url_base}/{release_id}/assets'
         r = self.requests.get(url)
         if r.status_code != 200:
             self.fail(r, 'Failed to get assets for release')
@@ -345,15 +345,14 @@ class GitHub(Base):  # {{{
     def create_release(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         ' Create a release on GitHub or if it already exists, return the existing release '
         # Check for existing release
-        url = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases/tags/{self.current_tag_name}'
+        url = f'{self.url_base}/tags/{self.current_tag_name}'
         r = self.requests.get(url)
         if r.status_code == 200:
             return dict(r.json())
         if self.is_nightly:
             raise SystemExit('No existing nightly release found on GitHub')
-        url = f'{self.API}repos/{self.username}/{self.reponame}/releases'
         r = self.requests.post(
-            url,
+            self.url_base,
             data=json.dumps({
                 'tag_name': self.current_tag_name,
                 'target_commitish': 'master',
@@ -394,7 +393,7 @@ def files_for_upload() -> Dict[str, str]:
     files[f'build/kitty-{version}.tar.xz.sig'] = 'Source code GPG signature'
     for path, desc in signatures.items():
         sign_file(path)
-        files[path + '.sig'] = desc
+        files[f'{path}.sig'] = desc
     for f in files:
         if not os.path.exists(f):
             raise SystemExit(f'The release artifact {f} does not exist')
@@ -460,7 +459,7 @@ def exec_actions(actions: Iterable[str], args: Any) -> None:
     for action in actions:
         print('Running', action)
         cwd = os.getcwd()
-        globals()['run_' + action](args)
+        globals()[f'run_{action}'](args)
         os.chdir(cwd)
 
 
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index e5678aec6..c79b7985f 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ def compile_c_extension(
     def on_success() -> None:
         os.rename(dest, real_dest)
 
-    compilation_database.add_command(desc, cmd, partial(newer, real_dest, *objects), on_success=on_success, key=CompileKey('', module + '.so'))
+    compilation_database.add_command(desc, cmd, partial(newer, real_dest, *objects), on_success=on_success, key=CompileKey('', f'{module}.so'))
 
 
 def find_c_files() -> Tuple[List[str], List[str]]:
@@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ def create_macos_app_icon(where: str = 'Resources') -> None:
             'iconutil', '-c', 'icns', iconset_dir, '-o', icns_dir
         ])
     except FileNotFoundError:
-        print(error('iconutil not found') + ', using png2icns (without retina support) to convert the logo', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f'{error("iconutil not found")}, using png2icns (without retina support) to convert the logo', file=sys.stderr)
         subprocess.check_call([
             'png2icns', icns_dir
         ] + [os.path.join(iconset_dir, logo) for logo in [